The Real World Of Technology B Essay -- essays research papers fc

In her book, The Real World of Technology (1999), Ursula M. Franklin contends that innovation disruptively affects mankind. Whenever left-unchecked innovation will in the end decimate society as we probably am aware it. Franklin shows her point by concentrating on the impacts innovation has had on society and societies previously. She utilizes models from China before the Common Era to the Roman Empire, with a lion's share of models coming structure the last one hundred and fifty years. For example, the Industrial Revolution and the development of electronic mail. Franklin battles that for the good of society, individuals must question everything before tolerating new innovations into their reality. In the book, Franklin's contention urges individuals to meet up and take part in broad daylight surveys and talk about or question mechanical practices that lead to a world that is intended for innovation and not for society. The Real World Of Technology endeavors to show how society is i nfluenced by each new innovation that goes onto the market and probably makes life all the more nice and bother free while making work progressively beneficial and gainful. The talks contend that 'innovation has manufactured the house where we live'; (Franklin, p.1) and that this house is persistently changing and being redesigned. There is almost no human movement outside of the house, and all in habitants are influenced by the 'structure of the house, by the division of its space, by the area of its entryways and dividers.'; (p.1). Franklin asserts that; once in a while does society step outside of the house to live, when contrasted and previous eras. The objective for going out isn't to enter the regular habitat, in light of the fact that in Franklin's terms 'condition basically implies what is around us… that developed, made, constructed condition that is the day-in-day-out [sic] setting of a great part of the contemporary universe of innovation.'; (p.89). Nature today is viewed as a develop rather than as a 'power or substance with its own elements.'; (p.85). The book asserts that society competes nature a similar path as society sees framework as 'something that is there to oblige us, to encourage or be a piece of our lives, subject to our arranging.'; (p.85). Franklin writes top to bottom about foundation and particularly mechanical framework. She guarantees that since the Industrial Revolution, enterprises just as governments utilizing open assets... ... to understand that the flood of innovation and society's more noteworthy reliance of it might simply be another progression of advancement. Similarly as people became out of the chimp and the sledge out of the twig, so to may the kids and their instruments of tomorrow develop to become an option that could be more prominent than even we can envision. The Real World of Technology presents a great deal of significant issues with the present world. The focuses made about the earth enlighten a significant issue and the utilization of Franklin's redemptive advancements are what is required if there will be any amending of the harm done. While The Real World of Technology gives valuable bits of knowledge into innovation's past and the job it has had on molding our present method of being. The brief looks into what's to come are less valuable. Franklin can not help yet have a one-sided perspective on the world to come since she just has the world that she has lived in to use as an exami nation and model. The general public of things to come be that as it may, can't and ought not be utilized to make correlations, for it will be a general public like no other-one that the individuals of today couldn't envision. Works Cited Franklin, Ursula M. The Real World of Technology. Toronto: House of Anansi Press Limited, 1999 ed.

Free Essays on Paraphilias

Paraphilias is a lot of clutters which incorporate serious sexual inclinations or stimulating dreams that include lifeless objets, sexual practices with non-human articles, and mortification or enduring of one’s self or someone else. Sexual practices could likewise include kids or a non-consenting grown-up. While paraphilias is uncommon, it is unquestionably increasingly normal among men(about 20 to 1 guys to females), be that as it may, the purpose behind this lopsidedness isn't plainly comprehended. While not many of these clutters are identified with forceful conduct, not every one of them are hurtful or forceful. A few paraphilias -, for example, exhibitionism, pedophilia and voyeurism are criminal offenses. In the accompanying passages, I will clarify every one of the most widely recognized paraphilias, just as the reason and the treatment. Likewise, I will clarify how they are engaged with the field of policing. Exhibitionism (generally male) may comprise of jerking off while uncovering himself, or conceivably while fantasizing about uncovering himself. The whiz kid might be acquainted with his need to threaten, surprise, or dazzle the hesitant observer. The casualty is for the most part in all cases, a kid or a female grown-up. The flare-up of this issue is for the most part in the mid 20's, however once in a while, the principal demonstrations will frequently occur during youth and afterward carry on into adulthood. It is accepted that 30% of the captured male sex wrongdoers are maverick. Around 20 to half of all sex guilty parties are rearrested, which leave them with the most elevated recidivism pace of all sex wrongdoers. Maverick are generally hitched, however the marriage is regularly tormented by a poor sexual change (consistent sexual brokenness), and poor social alterations. Sexual maltreatment and noteworthy youth experiences might be the reason for exhibitionistic conduct. The tr eatment includes psychotherapy which is centered around deciding and furthermore working however the reason for the conduct. On occasion, endorsed doctor... Free Essays on Paraphilias Free Essays on Paraphilias Paraphilias is a lot of scatters which incorporate extraordinary sexual desires or stimulating dreams that include lifeless objets, sexual practices with non-human articles, and mortification or enduring of one’s self or someone else. Sexual practices could likewise include youngsters or a non-consenting grown-up. While paraphilias is uncommon, it is unmistakably increasingly regular among men(about 20 to 1 guys to females), be that as it may, the purpose behind this awkwardness isn't plainly comprehended. While not many of these scatters are identified with forceful conduct, not every one of them are destructive or forceful. A few paraphilias -, for example, exhibitionism, pedophilia and voyeurism are criminal offenses. In the accompanying passages, I will clarify every one of the most well-known paraphilias, just as the reason and the treatment. Likewise, I will clarify how they are engaged with the field of policing. Exhibitionism (normally male) may comprise of stroking off while uncovering himself, or conceivably while fantasizing about uncovering himself. The braggart might be acquainted with his need to threaten, frighten, or dazzle the hesitant onlooker. The casualty is for the most part in all cases, a youngster or a female grown-up. The flare-up of this issue is for the most part in the mid 20's, however once in a while, the main demonstrations will frequently happen during pre-adulthood and afterward carry on into adulthood. It is accepted that 30% of the captured male sex guilty parties are show off. Around 20 to half of all sex guilty parties are rearrested, which leave them with the most elevated recidivism pace of all sex wrongdoers. Big cheese are typically hitched, however the marriage is frequently tormented by a poor sexual change (consistent sexual brokenness), and poor social alterations. Sexual maltreatment and critical youth experiences might be the reason for exhibitionistic conduct. The treatment includes psychotherapy which is centered around deciding and furthermore working however the reason for the conduct. Now and again, recommended surgeon...

Writing Essay Rubric

Writing Essay RubricWriting essay rubrics are sometimes used in college when students are given a short deadline to write an essay. It's one of the easiest ways to keep track of what the students have written as they go along. Whether it's a very difficult student or a lazy writer, an essay rubric can help a lot.The student writing the assignment will first sit down with their syllabus and look for some specific problems that they may have with the assignment. Then they will write a rubric, or a word problem, for each of the items.The goal is to find the problem first and then come up with an assignment for the problem. For example, if they write that the problem is 'I have not mastered the English language,' they can break the problem down into four parts.One part would be to write about what English language the student knows, and they could have one sentence like 'I have not mastered the English language.' Then they can break down each of the parts.There are other parts they can u se that relate to the grammar of the English language. They can have an essay rubric on how to write an essay which has a subject paragraph in there.Many colleges and universities have 'two line minimum' rules, meaning that they only have to give you two lines for each point of your assignment. They don't care if your essay is in complete sentences or just basic information about your topic.The biggest reason that colleges use an essay rubric is because students tend to grade poorly on easy assignments. In the final exams, they don't put as much effort into trying to understand the material that they are being tested on, so they tend to grade poorly on the test.Writing an essay rubric will help you see where you need to improve. They are so simple, you can keep them handy at all times. If you ever have a question that you want to know the answer to, all you have to do is go back to the essay rubric to find the right answer.

Environments That Support Healthy Choices Essay - 1410 Words

environments that support healthy choices. The movement is also providing healthier lunches and tries to ensure that every family has access to healthy, affordable food and helps kids become more physically active. There is no single cause of all overweight and obesity because there are so many demographics that come into play. There is no single approach that can help prevent or treat overweight and obesity. Treatment may include a mix of behavioral treatment, diet, exercise, and sometimes weight-loss drugs; and in some cases of extreme obesity, weight-loss surgery may be an option. A medical advisor should always be notified when decisions are being made regarding different approaches to losing weight. Over the last decade, scientific interest in our gut bacteria, our feces, which are roughly 40% microbe has expanded, and there’s evidence the bacteria populations that exist within us play an important role in both our physical and psychological well–being (Fortune). Research is very recent but there was a case documented of a woman who received a fecal transplant from her obese daughter to treat a colon infection caused by the bacteria C. difficile, a gut infection, and the infe ction went away, but the woman gained 34 pounds in a matter of months (Fortune). Researchers are just beginning to untangle the specific ways lean guts differ from obese ones, but there’s indication certain strains play a pivotal role. There are 108 Million people on diets in the United States atShow MoreRelatedSocial Determinants Of Health And Health1238 Words   |  5 Pagessocial determinants is to create the optimal social/physical environment that will contribute and allow individuals to enjoy a healthier lifestyle, and thus become healthier. (Social Determinants of Health - Healthy People, n.d., p. 01) The Five key areas that are addressed in the social determinants of health are: Economic Stability, Education, Social and Community Context, Health and Health Care, and Neighborhood and Built Environment. Even though these five determinants of health are differentRead MoreHow Public Health System Helps Improve The Quality Of Life And Health Of People847 Words   |  4 Pagesand increase the protective factors, including healthy environments, good nutrition, and supportive relationships. Furthermore, public health practitioners strive to establish a health system, which values wellness through collaborative efforts and supporting communities, families and individuals to protect, promote and sustain mental and physical health as well as to minimize health inequities (CDC, 2005). The need to create community environments that ensure easy access as well as affordabilityRead Moreunit 305 guide for social care worker that describes ways that the environment helps the well being and why it is important to support individuals that promote their identity, image and self esteem.786 Words   |  3 Pagesown worth, attractiveness, or intelligence. Self Esteem - Confidence in your own qualities as an individual person. All of the above are linked. If a person feels that their identity is being repressed, by not being able to or given the choice to do things that interest them, then this person may feel withdrawn or unable to express themselves. This will then in turn have an effect on their self image and self esteem. Self image is the same. If a person is not supported or is somehowRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Ecological Approach Targeting Child Care Centers1612 Words   |  7 Pagesconducted within the cities of San Pablo and Richmond in Contra Costa County. It will focus on meeting the Healthy California 2020 goals of promoting health, adopting healthy eating habits, and maintaining a healthy body weight. This proposal will collaborate with local nutritionists and health educators to provide child care centers with the tools needed to educate the staff and parents to create healthy nutritional and physical practices. The goal is to reduce the current obesity rate of children agesRead MoreWellness in the Corporate Workplace1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Corporate Wellness? Corporate wellness programs are designed to help employers to be acclimated into wellness through their work environment. These wellness programs will help many companies attract and keep their employees healthy at the same time, along with reduce the cost of healthcare within the company. When there is â€Å"healthier employees,† then lower healthcare plans for the company. â€Å"According to BusinessWeek, Scotts Miracle Grow instituted a corporate wellness program, after theRead MoreAmericans Are Expecting More From Everything, Whether It1199 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming less active in professional environments as well as home environments. Americans are consistently driving up health care costs, along with experiencing economic impacts from missing work due to illnesses in addition to decreased productivity with obesity. The problem is that obesity in America is growing at an alarming rate and the best ways to solve this problem is by becoming educated on the root causes, creating a healthy environment for healthy choices, along with cooperation from the foodRead MoreThe Four Main Determinants Of Health1702 Words   |  7 PagesLiving a healthy lifestyle is an increasing concern in today’s society. Healthy lifestyle is defined as the â€Å"habits, attitudes, tastes, moral standards, and economic level, which together constitute the mode of living of an individual or group,† (insert reference). Healthy lifestyle choices have a huge impact on the overall health of a person, so it is very important for healthcare workers, especially nurses, to know the causes, affects, responses, and symptoms that occur in unhealthy and healthy lifestylesRead MorePolicy and Procedures1290 Words   |  6 Pagesapplicable to my school setting | Unit/LO/AC Ref | What purpose it serves | Evaluate how these polices support the principles of every child matters and the importance of staff consistently applying boundaries (where applicable) | Child Protection Policy | A (Staff) | Ensuring safe recruitment by checking the suitability of staff and volunteers to work with children. Creating a safe environment in which children can learn and develop. Raising awareness of child protection issues. Ensure all staffRead MoreThe Prevalence of Obesity in Industrialized Countries1060 Words   |  4 Pagesschool environments, social-economic status, individual perceptions and education can influence the increasing obese population. Obesity follows a socio-economic gradient with the poor having the greatest risk. There is a direct link between poverty and obesity primarily due to the social determinants of income inequality, social capital and policies surrounding food. (Reidpath, 2002) Those with low socio-economic status (SES) can not simply adopt a healthier eating habit due to healthy and freshRead Moresocio ecological model1527 Words   |  7 Pagesencouraging Singaporeans to adopt a healthy eating lifestyle. This is evident from the recent launch of an iPhone app entitled â€Å"Healthy Chef† by the Health Promotion Board (HPB) in 2011 that provides healthy cooking recipes for Singaporeans. There is also the implementation of Healthier Hawker Programme which enlists the support of the hawkers to dish out healthier food choices for Singaporeans dining out. Despite all these efforts in place, the notion of adopting healthy eating lifestyle remains insignificant

The Sonnets Of Shakespeare Often Explore The Deeper Musings

The sonnets of Shakespeare often explore the deeper musings of the male narrator as he catalogues his continuous waxing on intrapersonal and interpersonal matters. Sonnet 80 does this beautifully as it discusses the narrator’s deepest fear that, â€Å"my [the narrator’s] love was my dismay.† The profoundly beautiful couplet perfectly accompanies the prior three quatrains, and a sailing metaphor is used throughout. The narrator, whom is addressing the young man, brings up his biggest quandary (the other â€Å"spirit†) as he attempts to express himself to the young man. The entire sonnet is supported by the idea of sailing and boats, and, yet, the narrator and reader both know that he (the narrator) will inevitably encounter a shipwreck. This†¦show more content†¦Thus, the next quatrain is the narrator’s attempts to justify why he still continues to write of the young man. The second quatrain serves as a justification not only for the narrat or, but also for readers of the sonnet. The narrator insists that the young man’s worth is â€Å"as wide as the ocean is† and, that, his (the young man’s) humility is â€Å"the proudest sail [he] doth bear†. Although there is a juxtaposition between pride and humility, the narrator’s idea of the young man is justification enough for his continued musings on the other man. The narrator affirms that he is content with continuing to write and praise the young man despite his boat being â€Å"far inferior to his (the other suitor)†. Because the narrator’s â€Å"saucy bark† does â€Å"willfully appear† on the young man’s â€Å"broad main†, it further implicates that while the narrator knows there is a â€Å"better spirit† he also will continue writing about the young man. Finally, as if rebutting an argument about why the narrator still cares for the young man, the third quatrain explains how the narrator can keep writing of the young man. The narrator, who is conscious of the other suitor, reasons that unlike the â€Å"better spirit† he merely needs the young man’s â€Å"shallowest help† to keep him afloat; he does not need the continuous â€Å"soundless deep† that the other man needs. Additionally, the narrator also uses depth to emphasize how he and the other poet can coexist in the young man’s love; for—as small boats use the shallows andShow MoreRelatedThe Sonnet And Early Modern Literature3380 Words   |  14 Pagesthe 1500’s became an important time for the sonnet and early modern literature. Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard were the first to introduce the form to England by translating the sonnets of the overtly influential Italian poet Petrarch, giving a firm foundation for many others including that of William Shakespeare to expand and contrast. Consisting of fourteen lines, the sonnet follows a specific rhyme scheme and rhyth m. Although seemingly compact, the sonnet is used by many to express both the thoughtRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 Pages Language can be used in several ways to tell a story, marvel at the wonders of nature, explain the universe, give advice, or ponder the mysteries of life and death. The sounds and syllables of language are combined by authors in distinctive, and often rhythmic, ways to form the literature called poetry. Poetry, like all literature, attempts to communicate an author’s emotional and philosophical responses to his or her own existence and to the surrounding world. It is an

Gun Control and the Second Ammendment to the Constitution...

The federal government should not ban the usage of guns because we need them to hunt and able to protect ourselves. People need to learn to be able to be around gun without the worry but those who use gun inappropriately shouldn’t have the guns. The Second Amendment says people have the right to carry concealed handguns. Judge Richard Posner said â€Å"must be interpreted to include a right to have a concealed gun in public, to have it ready for use, and have it for self defense†. The Second Amendment also says â€Å"a well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right to the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed†. The Supreme Court has made a landmark that states ruling upholding the right of people†¦show more content†¦With guns people are able to keep their families safe and even be able to scare off burglars or attackers just by simply brandishing a gun. With a gun in the home you don’t even have to fire because burglars or intruders are more scared of seeing a gun and will leave as quickly as possible. In fact, 74% of felonies say that they would stay away from people’s homes when they are home because they are scared to get shot. Even studies say that children feel safer at school when armed guards are in the school with them. If there was an outlaw of guns, criminals would still be able to get guns as they do now and innocent families and people who can’t own a gun will be on a the threat of getting shot more. A background check and mandatory of time would help stop criminals and possible tragedies. On the other hand, because of guns more rates went up of rapes, robberies, and violent crimes. Someone who has a gun is 4.5 times more likely to get shot during an assault than people who don’t have a gun. Civilian disarmament empowers not only relatively small-time murderers†¦but also paves the way of major-league mass murderers. Such as Adolf Hitler. The medical literature con gun violence is biased, riddled with serious errors in facts, logic, and methodology, and thus utterly unreliable (38). Handgun ownership has increased about 3.5 times more than the population increase since the end of world was 2 with no comparable increase in the murder rates. Also for every wild and killedShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Gun Control1179 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial topic...gun control. Over the past decade in America, more than 100,000 people have been killed as a result of gun violence—and millions more have been the victim of assaults, robberies, and other crimes involving a gun. Many of these crimes were committed by people who never should have been able to purchase a gun in the first place. The vast majority of Americans—including gun owners—believe we must take sensible steps to address these horrible tragedies. Gun control is a serious issueRead MoreGun Control1192 Words   |  5 PagesGun Control Gun Control is a topic that has been talked about for many years now especially after many tragic deaths and other instances that have happened in past. Gun control has become one of the most important battles of 2013. In a press conference last month, President Obama pushed Congress to ban â€Å"assault† rifes and weapons, setting a limit for magazines to 10 bullets, and to introduce universal background checks for the buyers of firearms.†The debate over gun control and gun ownershipRead MoreThe Effects Of Gun Control On The United States2910 Words   |  12 PagesSchlickman: Gun Control There has been a huge increase of gun related deaths in the US United States and the related stories have been all over the news and newspapers. Taking guns out of circulation could be helpful, but is not likely to completely solve the problem. A current issue in the United States is gun control, and whether or not the government can, or should take away our right to own them is the big debate. There have been numerous situations covered by the news media where guns have beenRead MoreGun Control or Gun Freedom? The Casualty Rate of Violence5670 Words   |  23 Pagesobtain a gun legally. Introduction Gun control or Gun freedom has been an important debate in the American history. The proponents of Gun freedom use the 2nd amendment to indicate how the constitution protects the right of every citizen to own a gun. The opponents on the other hand question this interpretation of the 2nd amendment or call for a change in constitution if that is what it takes to make American societies safer. This group believes that this interpretation used by pro-guns lobbiesRead MoreGun Control vs. Gun Rights Essay8911 Words   |  36 PagesRunning Head: GUN CONTROL VS. GUN RIGHTS Gun Control vs. Gun Rights By Robert Marlow For CJ 450 Senior Seminar Dr. Michael Eskey Park University September 2009 Abstract Gun control and gun rights have been an issue that has been debated for decades. Whenever there has been a mass shooting of any magnitude, it seems that the debate heats up even more. Consideration must be given as to what the benefits are of these gun control laws. Gun control laws must also be written asRead MoreEssay on George Carlin and Radio Censorship4438 Words   |  18 Pagesto the first amendment.(Simones, 1995) Because of this Pacifica argued that the first amendment prohibits all governmental regulation that depends on the content of speech.(Gunther, 1991) However there is no such absolute rule mandated by the constitution, according to the Supreme Court.(Gunther, 1991) Therefore the question is whether a broadcast of patently offensive words dealing with sex and excretion may be regulated because of its content. The fact that society may find speech offensive

Cross Cultural Differences- China and Usa free essay sample

| THE 101: Cross Cultural Issues in Tourism Hospitality | Assessment No. 2| | Ariana Janjua| 201111790| Culture, as defined by Geert Hofstede, is the the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from another. (Hofstede, 2011) It is due to the research carried out by scholars such as Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars that we are able to understand cultural values, and the difference in cultures more thoroughly. This information gives us the ability to understand, and interact people for other cultures that may be drastically different from our own. Such research also gives a basis by which social and business dealings can be held. (itim International, n. d) Knowledge of other cultures is imperative when dealing with business relations; it has been helpful in the age of globalization where cross-cultural business is at a dramatic rise, and even aids in such things as the training and communications. It is also crucial in the face of tourism and social life, as it gives us the understanding of how people from other cultures function as a result of their particular set of cultural values. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Differences- China and Usa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The aim of this essay is to provide a deeper understanding between the cultural differences between two very different cultures: those of China and the USA. The essay is divided into two parts: the first will explore the different cultural dimensions present in a social and business context according to the research by Hofstede and Trompenaars. The second part will give an example of a practical application of this information in the hospitality industry, and will provide recommendations upon which American hotels can better accommodate Chinese guests. As mentioned above, Hofstede was a Dutch scholar who performed intensive research in order to fully understand his five cultural dimensions, of which this essay looks more deeply into three: Power Distance, Individuality and Long Term Orientation. From his results, we can compare the differences in these dimensions between China and the USA. (itim International, n. d) As can be seen, there is a remarkable difference in all the indexes, especially in PDI (China 80, USA 40), IDV (China 20, USA 91) and LTO (118, USA 29) (China, 2011). These figures give us a starting point to understand these differences more thoroughly. Power Distance is the extent to which people respond to inequalities in different organizations and institutions. (Hofstede, 2011) The PDI of China is considerably high, meaning there is â€Å" high level of inequality of power and wealth within the society† (Patent, 2009). In social terms, this means that authority figures such as the father of a family are given utmost respect to. Furthermore, in all situations, one must address a person by their title is order to give them the respect of their status. This is also reflected in a business atmosphere, where hierarchies are clearly defined. Those on top of the hierarchy are respected, and unquestionably obeyed by those lower in the hierarchy, who are given clear instructions of what is to be expected of them. (Patent, 2009) There is a limited level of communications between these different levels. This is a fact that is prevalent and accepted all throughout Chinese society. On the other hand, the PDI of the United States is very low, and almost leans toward egalitarianism. This is indicative of a greater equality between societal levels, including government, organizations, and even within families. â€Å" (Hofstede, 2011) Socially, Americans are more comfortable around one another, regardless of their ranking. This is reflected in social life, where this is much lower emphasis on titles and qualifications. It is apparent in day-to-day dealings in which Americans greet each other by shaking hands and often call each other by first n ames, regardless of the person’s title. In a business context, leaders may be respected, but more so for their abilities and success rather than their positioning in the hierarchy. (Patent, 2009) They often take on the role of mentors with whom employees are unintimidated and motivated to work with. â€Å"Individualism on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. â€Å" (Hofstede, 2011) China is a highly collectivist culture, where all individuals are part of the unit, with the most fundamental unit being that of family. The prosperity of these units is ultimately more important than that of individual persons. Collectivism is apparent in all parts of life, from the attention given to group behavior more than individual behavior, to small everyday activities such as crowding on to a bus with numerous other passengers, such as seen in bustling Chinese cities such as Shanghai. (Gallo, 2009) These beliefs stem from the Confucian values of â€Å" harmony, strong interpersonal relationships and group loyalties. † (Fitzgerald, 2002) Loyalty to relationships is emphasized, even in a business context. For this reason, employees are dedicated to the company they work with, and in turn they are treated with the same loyalty, transforming the business environment into a somewhat family environment. (Gallo, 2009) Also in business, every employee regards himself as part of team, and all his efforts are solely to work towards the success of that team. Collectivism in Chinese culture can be summed up in one term ‘ guan xi’, which can be loosely translated to mean â€Å"to concern, to relate, to make connections, to make relationships’. Fitzgerald, 2002) The United States, on the other hand, is a highly individualistic society. Every individual is looking for ‘the American dream’, a better state than they presently are in (Cultural, n. d. ). Individuals believe in working hard and performing well for one’s own benefits, and relationships and group culture is one of less importance than the concept of â€Å"I† (Kwintessential, 2011). This is prevalent from childhood, when children are taught the worth of being independent and self-reliant. Fitzgerald, 2002) This is a common element of American society: it is accepted and rewarded. The same goes for the attitudes seen in a business environment. There is a lesser concept of teams, and a higher concept of individuals working hard for their own success rather than for that of a larger unit’s. Likewise, individual high performers in a company are rewarded for their efforts. (Gallo, 2009) â€Å"Long- term oriented societies foster pragmatic virtues oriented towards future rewards, in particular saving, persistence, and adapting to changing circumstances. (Hofstede, 2011) According to Hofstede’s analysis, China is a country that is very long term oriented, with a high factor of 118. This is one of the most commonly seen values in Chinese society, and is founded upon the teaching of Confucian, which are engrained in the Chinese culture. They are seen in everyday behavior: the Chinese are always looking to a better future and working towards this through the saving of money, perseverance, and the ability to adapt to changes surrounding them. (itim International, n. d) For example, Chinese sellers are infamous for their bargaining abilities. Another value of this long-term orientation society is to have a sense of shame, which is why Chinese people always remain highly composed and respectful no matter the situation. (nwlink, 1997) This composure is further complimented by their hard work and determination in business-matters. They believe that the future matters more than the present or past, and therefore put all their potential into working for better things to come. â€Å"Short-term oriented societies foster virtues related to the past and present such as national pride, respect for tradition, preservation of face,  and fulfilling social obligations. (Hofstede, 2011) The USA comes in with a relatively low LTO factor at only 29. Short term oriented societies are concerned with the Truth of matters, which Americans view as science, religion and management. Following the same values, they believe that the truth may be manipulated in order to obtain the desired results. (nwlink, 1997) As Americans are extremely concer ned about personal solidity, these values about truth tie in well with both their social and business lives. In social lives, Americans are very protective of themselves and their ‘face’ or reputation as they are in business life. Having looked at Hofstede’s differences in the cultural dimensions between China and America, we can now take a look at these differences from a different perspective. Trompenaars, who was also Dutch, was a professional in cross-cultural communication and drew up a model of culture with seven dimensions. This essay will pay particular focus to the dimension of universalism and particularism in USA and China. Particularist societies such as that in China are those societies in which people believe that a clear and right decision can be made on the grounds of the relationships and the situation it in based on. It may be said, â€Å"Particularism is based on logic of the heart and human friendship. † (Cultures, 2011) For this reason, Chinese people believe in the value of all relationships and they make the required effort to base these relationships on a strong foundation for a long lasting outcome. The Chinese are known for being good hosts, and often participate in small gestures, such as giving gifts. In businesses as well, the Chinese try to build a relationship with the person they are doing dealings with. They like to take their time in business dealings and negotiations, rely on a mutual trust and respect to get the process finished, and believe in the simplicity of such dealings. (Cultures, 2011) In Universalist societies â€Å"There is a belief that what is good or true can be discovered, defined, and applied to every situation† (cyborlink, 2011) . These societies, such as that of the USA take a universal point of view and believe that all matters are relative. Socially, they are okay with having weak relationships with friends or family members. But this universalism can really be see in a business aspect, as Americans are very concerned with terms and conditions and contracts; basically, the little details entailed in a business dealing. They are usually even lawyers involved in seeing to a smooth running of the matter, and this is reflected in the fact that there are more lawyers per person in the USA than anywhere else in the world. (Cultures, 2011) After looking at these four cultural dimensions and the differences they show between China and America, a great deal of understanding may be acquired in why these countries work in the way they do. The next part of this essay will apply this understand in a Tourism and Hospitality context: it will provide recommendations for the Industry in America on how it could welcome and deal with Chinese guests. As well have already seen, the Chinese are loyal, hardworking people who give great importance to status, relationships, and the future. In order to give them a satisfying and pleasurable experience in the USA, American hotel and tourism managers must reciprocate these values. Because China is not, per se, a religiously founded country, there are not many strict dietary restrictions or other practices that the Chinese people follow. This makes it easier for the American hosts to welcome their guests, as the only alterations they really need to make is that in their behavior and attitude in order to fit with the personal value system of the Chinese. During their stay at a hotel, Chinese guests must be treated in the same way that they would treat guests in their country. They should be welcomed graciously, and perhaps given a small gift as a token of appreciation for their arrival and as a gesture that implies the beginning of a beautiful relationship. Too much eye contact should be avoided as the Chinese may misconstrue this as being rude. What’s more, Chinese guests should always be addressed by their title, and although friendliness is appreciated, an overly boisterous or excited manner may be considered as not being genuine. To make their stay more comfortable, Chinese guests should be given their privacy in room that have all the amenities required, but they should have the knowledge that they are always being accommodated and that if they need anything, it would be at their doorstep in a moment’s time. For families, there should be a range of activities so that the guests know that their hosts, too, understand the importance of family and relationships. On departure, the guests should be given personal attention by hotel staff members and should be asked about their trip and their stay in the hotel. They should be aware that they will be welcomed back at any point of time with the same hospitality and that in staying with the American hotel, not only has a business dealing been made but a long lasting relationship has been established. It is important that the guests feel like their stay has been a worthwhile investment of their money and time. For the tourism industry to be more adaptable to Chinese guests, there are numerous things they could do. As with the hotel industry, they must approach the guests in a respectful manner and be able to make them feel comfortable, content and confident in the investment of their money and time. Due to the collectivist nature of the Chinese people and because their Confucian values urge them to seek constant knowledge and education, informational group activities would be perfect for Chinese guests. For example, if in New York, a group tour that takes the tourists to all the important landmarks and locations, such as the Statue of Liberty, whilst providing an interesting and educational background will be very pleasing for the guests. As will events that provide an opportunity for Chinese tourists to meet with others, communicate and enjoy what may be the start of a great relationship. Such events may be organized dinners, cruise trips, exhibitions and so on. There should also be a large range of family activities, such as trips to theme parks. As long as the Chinese are given an entertaining and informational environment to enjoy their trip, they should be very satisfied and looking forward to come back for more. In conclusion, the work and findings of Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaars has given us a thoroughly insightful look into the vastly different cultures of China and America: in both a social context and in a business context. It is incredible and inspiring to see how much this information can help individuals and professionals to act and interact with people from other societies, and how it can be applied in a range of different areas, such as in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Truly, such information provides us with an â€Å"edge of understanding† (itim International, n. ) by which only more and more successful cross-cultural interactions can be expected in the future. REFERENCES: Bing, J. W. (2004, February). Hofstedes consequences: The impact of his work on consulting and business practices. Retrieved May 28, 2011, from ITAP International: http://www. itapintl. com/facultyandresources/articlelibrarymain/hofstedes-consequences-the-impact-of-his-work-on-consulting-and -business-practices. html Chan, S. (1999). The Chinese Learner-a question of style. Education and Training , 41 (6/7). China, C. D. (2011). Geert Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: China vs. World Average . Retrieved May 28, 2011, from Cultural Dimensions in China: http://www. geert-hofstede. com Cultural, C. (n. d. ). Individualism. Retrieved May 26, 2011, from Clearly cultural: http://www. clearlycultural. com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/individualism/ Cultures, I. B. (2011). Universalism versus particularism. Retrieved MAY 28, 2011, from International Business Cultures: http://www. via-web. de/universalism-versus-particularism/ cyborlink. (2011). United States of America. Retrieved May 27, 2011, from Hofstede Analysis United States of America: http://www. cyborlink. com/besite/us. htm Fitzgerald, H. (2002). Cross Cultural Communication for the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia: David Cunningham. Gallo, F. (2009, June 23). Individualism Vs. Collectivism in China. Retrieved May 28, 2011, from Calypso Consulting: http://chinacalypso. com/content/individualism-versus-collectivism-china Hofstede, G. (2011, n. d n. d). Culture. Retrieved May 29, 2011, from Geert Hofstede: http://www. geerthofstede. l/culture. aspx International, I. (n. d. ). Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved 5 28, 2011, from Itim International: http://www. geert-hofstede. com/ Kwintessential. (2011). Individualism. Retrieved May 26, 2011, from Kwintessential: http://www. kwintessential. co. uk/intercultural/individualism. html Li, F. M. (2008). Culture as a Major Determinant in Tourism Development of China. Current Issues in Tourism , 11 (6), 492-5 13. Mathilde, C. (2008, February 1). CHINA REPORT: Cultural dimensions of China. Retrieved May 28, 2011, from

ASPA Code of Ethics

ASPA Code of Ethics The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) explains it ethical standards well. The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) outlines it ethical standards well. Its first standard focuses maintaining the public’s interest. The focus of the ethical standards include exercising discretion to boost the public’s trust, incorporating the public’s inputs in decision–making, and helping the public in their government dealings.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on ASPA Code of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Second, the ethical standards focus on respecting the constitution and all laws of the nation. Third ethical standards focus on the workers’ display of one’s integrity. Fourth, the ethical standards focus on strengthening of ethics –based groups. Last, the ethical standards focus on striving for excellence one’s professional endeavors (Geuras, 2005). The ASPA ethical standards will serve as a guide to ensure better public services. According to James Bowman, there is an increase in the acceptance and enthusiastic implementation of ASPA’s ethical standards. The ASDA and the American Political Science Association (APSA) have joined hands to persuade all sectors of both society to embrace ethical standards as a guide for daily business, government, and personal dealings. The ASPA’s successful activities include a national conference held in 1989 as well as countless materials written by respected ethics authors like Bowman and Lewis. ASPA also held well attended conferences for university community such as a 1991 conference held in Park City, Utah and a 1995 conference in Tampa, Florida. The University activities were earmarked to inculcate in the minds and hears of the students the importance of ethical standards in elevating the all transactions to a morality–inspired level. A survey conducted among the university conferences showed that 87% of 55% of the school that emphasize the importance of ethics include regular seminars and verbal encouragement (Bowman, 1998). The ASPA focuses on ensuring that all persons, especially those working in public companies should adhere to moral judgment, ethical reasoning, or moral thinking in their daily activities. Ethics is based on the principle that a person must do what is right or good and avoid what is wrong or bad when faced with alternative choices. Most of the public administrators within the 50 states adhere to ASDA’s ethical standards. Specifically, the administrators come from most of the municipal, federal, and state levels. Further, a research conducted on 1,000 persons who were randomly-selected from the 11,18ASPA members show that 93.8% were white and 67 percent were male. The mean if the samples show an average age of 48 years. In addition, 87 percent were college graduates. In addition, 31 percent work in muni cipal offices as top level or middle managers. In addition, 14 percent of the respondents were teachers, and 1 percent of the samples were students (Ghere, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mendel also discovered that the implementation of the ASPA ethics code increases the probability of people, especially those working within a public environment, behaving in an ethically –compliant manner in their dealings with the public. However, the ASPA code does not take away the person’s own moral standards, when in conflict. The ASPA code does not intend to remove a person’s ability to defend one’s action or inaction. Most importantly, the ASPA code fills the person with the pride of belonging to a well –accepted group or job specification (Menzel, 2007). In terms of conflict of interest, the ASPA standards emphasize that one should best exemplify promoting the public’s interest over and above one’s personal interest. In 2004, a Pentagon officer was charged and convicted for ensuring personal financial interest over the public’s ethical interest (Geuras, 2005). Further, accepting bribes from a group or individual in exchange for awarding of public contracts would violate the ASPA’s conflict of interest provisions. In a related literature, the Code of Ethical Principles of the Association of Fundraising Professionals state that its members should not receive compensation based on a percent of contributions raised (Richter, 2007). In terms of analytical impression, the above discussion shows that the ASPA code of ethics and conflict of interest provisions are excellent guides for public service workers to study, emphasize, and implement, without reservation. In terms of behavior, the organization’s ethics statements will clear the public servants’ doubts in te rms of ASPA’s sincerity in placing the public’s interest over the individual public servant’s personal interests. Further, the ASPA’s policies will place a strong unwavering impact on the public employees, customers, and members of the ASPA organization in the performance of their government responsibilities. Consequently, the general public will have an enhanced perception that bribes or connections are not needed to get better public services. BRIEFLY, the American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) explains it ethical standards well. The standard focuses on prioritizing the public’s interest over the public servants’ own financial interest. The standards also focus on respecting the U.S. laws and strengthening ethics –based organization.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on ASPA Code of Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is an increasing accept ance of the ASPA’s ethical standards. In terms of conflict of interest, ASPA standards states that one should best promote the public’s interest over and above one’s personal interest. In terms of analytical impression, the ASPA code of ethics and conflict of interest provisions are excellent benchmarks for public service workers to implement. Indeed, the ASPA ethical standards will ensure better public services. References Bowman, J. (1998). Teaching Ethics and Values in Public Administration Programs. New York: SUNY Press. Geuras, D. (2005). Practical Ethics in Public Administration. New York: Management Concepts Press. Ghere, R. (2005). Ethics in Public Management. New York: M Sharpe Press. Menzel, D. (2007). Ethics Management for Public Administrators. New York: M Sharpe Press. Richter, W. (2007). Combatting Corruption, Encouraging Ethics. New Yord: Rowman Littlefield Press.

The Black Civil Rights Movement is Back

The Black Civil Rights Movement is Back It has risen to the surface periodically over the last couple of decades, always in the turbulent wake of racist events and violence. It rose when Rodney King was beaten by police on a Los Angeles street in 1991, and when Abner Louima was brutalized by NYPD officers in 1997. It rose again two years later, when the unarmed Amadou Diallo was shot 19 times by NYPD. Then again in 2004, when, following the great flood, the majority-black city of New Orleans was left to fend for itself as police, the National Guard, and vigilantes murdered citizens at will. It rose when it became apparent in the late aughts that NYPD was systemically racially profiling black and brown boys and men with its Stop-N-Frisk policy. More recently, it rose when George Zimmerman murdered 17 year-old Trayvon Martin in 2012, and then got away with it, and when, within two months in 2013, Jonathan Ferrell and Renisha McBride were shot and killed while seeking help after surviving car accidents. There are countless ot her instances that could be included in this list. The Black Civil Rights Movement has never gone anywhere. Despite the legislative gains and the (limited) social progress that followed its peak in 1964, it has continued to exist in the minds, lives, and politics of many; and, in important national institutions like the NAACP, the ACLU, and in research and activist organizations that work tirelessly to track and call attention to systemic and everyday racism. But a mass movement, it has not been since the late 60s. From 1968 until the present, the Black Civil Rights Movement has been in a cycle of what sociologist and social movements expert Verta Taylor refers to as abeyance. Oxford English Dictionary defines abeyance as a state of temporary disuse or suspension. Taylor developed and popularized the sociological use of the term in the late 1980s in her studies of the US womens movement. In 2013, writing with Alison Dahl Crossley, Taylor described social movement abeyance as  a holding pattern in which a social movement manages to sustain itself and mount a challenge to authorities in a hostile political and cultural environment, thereby providing continuity from one stage of mobilization to another. Taylor and Crossley explain, When a movement declines, it does not necessary disappear. Rather, pockets of movement activity may continue to exist and can serve as starting points of a new cycle of the same or a new movement at a later point in time. Sociologist Kevin C. Winstead used the concept of abeyance as developed by Taylor to describe  the Black Civil Rights Movement from the period of 1968 through 2011 (the time of his studys publication). Citing the work of sociologist Douglas McAdam, Winstead details how the passing of Civil Rights legislation and the assassination of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. left the mainstream Black Civil Rights Movement without a sense of direction, momentum, or clear objectives. Simultaneously, the more radical members of the movement split off into the Black Power movement. This resulted in a fractured movement with disparate camps aligned with distinct organizations, including the NAACP, the SCLC, and Black Power working with different strategies on different goals (also a marker of a movement in abeyance). Winstead uses historical research to show how following the passage of Civil Rights legislation, and the false believe that racism had been vanquished by it, activists against racism were increasingly framed as criminals and deviants by the mainstream press. The racist caricature of the Reverend Al Shaprton as a lunatic and the racist stereotype of the angry black man/woman are common examples of this trend. But now, things have changed. State sanctioned extra-judicial police and vigilante killings of black people, most of them unarmed, are unifying black people and their allies across the US and around the world. The reemergence of the movement has been building for years, but it would seem that the technological developments that enable social media and widespread adoption of it has proved pivotal. Now, people across the nation know when a black person is unjustly killed anywhere in the US, regardless of the size and location of the crime, thanks to the sharing of news stories and the strategic use of hash tags. Since Michael Brown was killed by Officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, MO on August 9, 2014, protests have surged across the nation, and have only increased in frequency and grown in size as the killing of unarmed black children and adults has continued since Browns death. The hash tags #BlackLivesMatter and #ICantBreathreferencing the police choke-hold murder of Eric Garnerhave become the slogans and rally cries of the movement. These words and their messages now course through US society, plastered on signs held by protesters in the 60,000 strong Millions March held in NYC on December 13, and in the marches featuring tens of thousands more in Washington, D.C.; Chicago; Boston; San Francisco and Oakland, California; and other cities and towns across the US. The Black Civil Rights Movement thrives now in the solidarity forged by frequent die-ins staged nationwide in public spaces and on college campuses, in the workplace protests of members of Congress and black professional athletes, and in the protest songs recently released by John Legend and Lauryn Hill. It thrives in the scholarly activism of teachers at all levels of the education system who have taught from The Ferguson Syllabus, and in the public promotion of research that proves that racism is real, and that it has deadly consequences. The Black Civil Rights Movement is no longer in abeyance. It is back with righteous passion, commitment, and focus. Though I am devastated by the recent events that have called it out of abeyance, I see hope in its very public and widespread return. I say to all members of the Black Civil Rights Movement, and all black people of the US (paraphrasing Kara Brown of Jezebel): I do not feel this pain the way you feel this pain. I do not fear the way you fear. But I too seethe at the vicious scourge of racism, and I pledge to fight it, always, in whatever ways you deem worthy.

Discovery of the unconscious Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discovery of the unconscious - Essay Example Nietzsche stated that psychology is the core of the sciences but it was affected by religious, social and cultural prejudices (Watson 996). And this played a significant role in the development of the concepts that formed the foundations of psychoanalysis. This is because for the generations before the Age of Reformation in Europe, religion and spirituality was used to explain everything. Issues like mental illness was seen as some kind of punishment and these are Biblical images that are related to curses and negativity being connected to people who do bad deeds. Thus, at the end of the Middle Ages, whilst the natural and physical sciences developed, aspects of the soft sciences like psychology took a longer time to be accepted into mainstream society. Earlier researchers who sought to develop concepts and ideas that were used in the development of the unconscious came up with various approaches. They based their arguments that the self is double, there was the normal mind and the deeper mystical and esoteric self which had been explored by members of Eastern and oriental religions through meditations and other practices. One thing that was universally accepted was that the â€Å"second† self influenced peoples behaviours and feelings. Great philosophers like Pascal, Hobbes and Edgar Allen Poe mentioned issues relating to the â€Å"second† self which has become known as the subconscious mind. Some earlier philosophers sought to find linkages between external environmental factors and the mind. Some scientists like Franz Anton Mesmer (1734 – 1814) postulated that just as the appearance of the moon caused the tides to rise, there were bodily fluids in irrational or mad people that also rose during the full moon. This thereby caused the impetus for the concept of â€Å"lunatics† (pertaining to the moon). Other approaches came forward and these were based on issues like hysteria and its logical linkage to female sexuality since most of the victims were

Dickens's Treatment of Education and Social Mobility in Hard Times Essay

Dickens's Treatment of Education and Social Mobility in Hard Times - Essay Example Utilitarianism was the brainchild of Jeremy Bentham ( 1748-1832), a personally eccentric philosopher and social reformer, who held that virtue was a matter of utility: an action was good if it helped to bring about the greatest happiness of the greatest number. Promulgation of that happiness was the function of the State, and education of the populace and extension of political franchise were fundamental tenets of Benthamism. Political Economy, on the other hand, was a socio-economic system deriving from Adam Smith ( 1723-90) and David Ricardo ( 1772- 1823), whose disciples taught that the distribution of wealth was governed by immutable laws of nature. National prosperity depended on the profits of industrialists, and the wages of workers could not rise without jeopardizing economic harmony, to the detriment of workers and industrialists alike. Because the pursuit of individual self-interest was held to promote the general welfare, the duty of the state was to adopt a policy of lais sez-faire, in order to allow that inevitable process to operate freely, without interference. ( Dickens, Schilicke, 1989) Dickens was vociferous against these theories and as he wrote to Charles Knight, he directed his satire " against those who see figures and averages and nothing else----the representatives of the wickedest and the most enormous vice of this time." (30 December 1854, Letters, 7: 492). Dickens was above all a humanist, and he deeply resented the reduction of human beings, their activities and perceptions to bare facts and figures, without emotion, feeling, or imagination. Having already written books like Oliver Twist and Nicholas Nickleby, he had realised that his satire and criticism hit home, and thus deliberately set out to write a novel in the background of industrialisation and its resultant severe inequalities of wealth, social class and education. 2.0. Coketown: the emblem of Dickens' message In the course of the novel, Dickens' fictional Coketown, loosely based on towns like Manchester in Northern England and the Lancashire town of Preston, becomes emblematic of Dickens' perception of the connections between industrialisation, utilitarianism, education and the Victorian society. In Chapter 5 he describes Coketown: "It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood, it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and a trembling all day long, and where the piston of the steam-engine worked monotonously up and down, like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness. Dickens paints the picture of an unnatural, defaced, polluted town filled with the noise and stench of machines at work, which is "savage". All public inscriptions in the town which are essentially its voice, are written in "black and white", in effect colourless, banal, with no identity of their own. It is the antithesis of individuality and personal freedom of expression, which are so essential to human happiness and virtue. It pays no tribute to civilisation, culture or refinement, everything in it is "severely workful" and utilitarian. This starves the human craving

Abrasive Flow Machining Essay Example for Free

Abrasive Flow Machining Essay 1. Introduction Abrasive flow machining (AFM) was firstly developed fifty years ago by Extrude Hone Corporation, USA. By using the liquid viscoelastic material with easy flowability made of polymer and abrasive grains, AFM can be used to polish, deburr and radius for the workpiece. There are three kinds of AFM: one-way AFM, two-way AFM and orbital AFM [1]. In this case to manufacture the cylinder heads, consider of two-way AFM is much more widely used and its technology is more mature, we also choose the two-way AFM to do the surface finishing. Schematic of two-way flow shows in figure below. Figure 1 principle of material removal mechanism in two-way AFM process [1] Prior to machining, liquid abrasive will be put into the lower medium cylinder, the designed fixture which clamping the workpiece will be fixed between two cylinders. The upper medium, lower medium cylinder and fixture will form a confined space. After heat the whole system to working temperature, by forcing the lower piston (usually by hydraulic), the liquid abrasive will be pressed into the channel formed by clamp and workpiece, then flow into the upper medium cylinder. After the stroke of lower piston finished, the upper piston will force the liquid abrasive back into lower cylinder [2], an operating cycle will be finished. See more: Beowulf essay essay 2. Three key elements of AFM 1) Machine tool Use to fasten the workpiece and fixture, and control the pressure applied on the workpiece, to adjust the degree of abrasive accuracy. 2) Liquid Abrasive Liquid abrasive is abrasive tool in the AFM, it should has following properties, a) Non-corroding and don’t adhere to the workpiece and human skin. b) Good adhesive properties between different abrasive grains. c) Be able to maintain the viscoelasticity for a long time d) Non-volatile and non-deteriorate after a long time preservation. e) Strong cohesion. For these properties, the conventional liquid abrasive is made from Semi-solid carrier which has viscoelasticity, flexibility and cutting property mixed with abrasive grains. Different intrinsic viscosities of different carriers, different types and size of abrasive grains can affect the final tolerance and roughness [2]. The most frequently used abrasives are silicon carbide, carborundum, Cubic Boron Nitride(CBN), aluminum oxide, the size of grain vary from 0.005mm to 1.5mm. Abrasive with high viscosity is mainly used to polish the walls of workpiece and large through-hole while low viscosity abrasive is primarily for radiusing the edge and polishing the small through-hole. 3) Fixture The function of fixture, a) Positioning and fixing the workpiece. b) Bearing clamping force for some workpiece. c) Constitute a channel for liquid abrasive with some machined surface of workpiece in suitable size and section. d) Realizing simultaneous machine multiple workpiece in one device. 3. Advantage of AFM, Abrasive flow machining has accuracy, stability and flexibility. It uses liquid abrasive to remove the metal material infinitesimally, deburr and radius the internal intersections of workpiece. At present, AFM is widely used in automotive industry and other manufacturing. The fundamental advantage of AFM is the liquid abrasive can reach the positions which are not easily be machined by tradition surface finish methods since the complexity of workpiece, polished surface evenly and in integrity, batch processing has the same result. These characteristics improve the performance of part, extend the working life, avoid the multifarious manual labour, and lower the intensity of labor. For example, when polish the intake-tube of vehicle by traditional process, the tube need to be cut into half, then welding after polishing, but using the AFM, cut and welding can be avoided [3]. 4. Geometrical and thermal effects. Viscosity of liquid abrasive will decrease when the working temperature enhances [3], and working ability of abrasive depends on its viscosity as the figure 2 shown. Figure 2 the machining effects of different viscosity of abrasive materials [5] Since cutting force is proportional to viscosity, so higher viscosity means stronger grinding ability, as a result abrasive with higher viscosity will get a better surface. In conclusion, temperature is a very important factor during the process. While the abrasive grains polish the surface, it will generate heat, enhancing the temperature as the figure 3 shown. Figure 3 Variation of rise in temperature of workpiece with number of cycles [4] The rise of temperature will make the working ability reduce. So cooling system is need during the process to ensure the best machined surface. Geometry of cylinder head also affects the result of surface finishing. Many small through-holes exist in the cylinder head, flow rate of abrasive is much bigger in these through-holes according to fluid mechanics, even these accelerations enhance grinding ability, but due to shearing force generated by abrasive being extrusion at narrow pass, it is evident that temperature will rise rapidly, lower the grinding ability. So geometrical effect need to consider when design a cylinder head. 1. Rhoades L.J., Kohut T.A., Reversible Unidirectional AFM, US patent number 5,070,652, Dec 10th, 1991. 2 Szulczynski, Hubert, Uhlmann, Eckart, MATERIAL REMOVAL MECHANISMS IN ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING 3 Guizhen Song, THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING 4 Rajendra K. Jain, V. K. Jain. Specific energy and temperature determination in abrasive flow machining process[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools Manufacture, 2001(41):1689-1704 5 Tang Yong, Zhou De-ming, Yang Gang, Machinability of Abrasive Flowing Machining. Journal of south china university of technology, 2001-9

The Usefulness of Structuralism as an Analytical Tool for Uncovering Ho

In the words of Michael O’Shaughnessy, ‘narratives, or stories, are a basic way of making sense of our experience’ (1999: 266). As a society and a culture, we use stories to comprehend and share our experiences, typically by constructing them with a beginning, middle and an end. In fact, the order that a narrative is structured will directly impact the way it is understood, particularly across cultures. This idea originated through Claude LÃ ©vi-Strauss’s concept of structuralism in anthropology which ‘is concerned with uncovering the common structural principles underlying specific and historically variable cultures and myth’ in pre-industrial societies (Strinati 2003: 85). In terms of media studies, structuralism’s inherent objective is to dig beneath the surface of a media text to identify how the structure of a narrative contributes to it’s meaning. Structuralism encompasses a large range of analytical tools, however, this es say will examine Joseph Campbell’s monomyth and Claude LÃ ©vi-Strauss’s theory of binary oppositions. Through analysis of Victor Fleming’s film, The Wizard of Oz (1939), it will be shown that although the monomyth and binary oppositions are useful tools with which to unveil how meaning is generated in this text, structuralism can undermine the audience’s ability to engage with their own interpretations of the film. In the simplest form, there is a basic structural pattern to narratives, as expressed through Tzvetan Todorov’s explanation of narrative movement between two equilibriums. A narrative begins in a stable position until something causes disequilibrium, however, by the end of the story, the equilibrium is re-established, though it is different than the beginning (O’Shaughnessy 1999: 268). Joseph Cam... ...an adequate mechanism for unveiling the techniques used to create messages in a text. Works Cited Campbell, Joseph (1968), The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, pp. viii-97. Eco, Umberto (1979), ‘Narrative structures in Fleming’, in his, The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, pp. 144-172. Hartley, John (2002), Communication, Cultural and Media Studies: The Key Concepts, London, Routledge, pp. 19-21. O’Shaughnessy, Michael (1999), Media and Society: An Introduction, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, pp. 266-290. Strinati, Dominic (2003), ‘Structuralism, semiology and popular culture’ (extract), in his An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture: 2nd Ed., London, Routledge, pp. 82-85. The Wizard of Oz (film), 1939, Director: Victor Fleming.

Final Descriptive Writing

Anton Meriwether When you are trying to write a descriptive piece then it is best to describe everything in a very visual way to that would make the reader use it's five senses. Using the five senses in a descriptive writing really elevates your piece and makes it stand out. I'm from a small city in northern Indiana where not many people visit even actually hardly at all. The city is off the coast of Lake Michigan which creates a slight cold breeze in middle of December and all of January. The city is called Michigan City, Indiana.Have you ever heard of The Blue Chip Casino? Of course you have I mean who haven't. The Blue Chip Casino is like a boat casino and it is also the tallest building in the whole city. The Casino sits at one end Of Michigan Blvd which is one of the main roads in the city and also one of the longest. Another thing about the city is a place called The Dunes. The Dunes is a big sand hill that depending on the weather will burn your feet. The Dunes is a great plac e to go if you're looking to have some fun walking n sand and also going to the beach.Hearing the beach at night just calms you down no matter what is going on because, hearing the breeze flow over the lake creates a sound that can't be mimicked by technology which is very rare nowadays. Michigan City is a good place to visit but of course every city has its down falls I mean Atlanta is too big like huge for no reason at all, no seriously, really dumb big and parking is expensive and can't even drive yet and I'm saying, it's just ridiculous, but back to the task at hand. One problem aboutMichigan City is the weather, if you are not used to cold weather or don't like it then it's not your place because it gets freezing, iceman, Antarctica, I'm staying inside the house cold. That is a descriptive writing that includes all five senses. When you use all the senses then you are truly writing a descriptive writing, because how can you describe something without using the senses, I mean, y ou not even describing anything all you are doing is just talking about it and that won't get my attention. I hope this helps you become a better descriptive writer.

When Did Apartheid End and How

Apartheid, from an Afrikaans word meaning â€Å"apart-hood,† refers to a set of laws enacted in South Africa in 1948 intended to ensure the strict racial segregation of South African society and the dominance of the Afrikaans-speaking white minority. In practice, apartheid was enforced in the form of â€Å"petty apartheid,† which required racial segregation of public facilities and social gatherings, and â€Å"grand apartheid,† requiring racial segregation in government, housing, and employment. While some official and traditional segregationist policies and practices had existed in South Africa since the start of the twentieth century, it was the election of the white-ruled Nationalist Party in 1948 that allowed the legal enforcement of pure racism in the form of apartheid. The first apartheid laws were the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, followed by the Immorality Act of 1950, which worked together to prohibit most South Africans from marrying or having sexual relationships with persons of a different race. The first grand apartheid law, the Population Registration Act of 1950 classified all South Africans into one of four racial groups: black, white, Colored, and Indian. Every citizen over age 18 was required to carry an identity card showing their racial group. If a person’s exact race was unclear, it was assigned by a government board. In many cases, members of the same family were assigned different races when their exact race was unclear. Apartheid was then further implemented through the Group Areas Act of 1950, which required people to live in specifically-assigned geographic areas according to their race. Under the Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act of 1951, the government was empowered to demolish black â€Å"shanty† towns and to force white employers to pay for houses needed for their black workers to live in areas reserved for whites. Between 1960 and 1983, over 3.5 million nonwhite South Africans removed from their homes and forcibly relocated into racially segregated neighborhoods. Especially among the â€Å"Colored† and â€Å"Indian† mixed-race groups many family members were forced to live in widely separated neighborhoods. The Beginnings of Resistance to Apartheid   Early resistance to the apartheid laws resulted in the enactment of further restrictions, including the banning of the influential African National Congress (the ANC), a political party known for spearheading the anti-apartheid movement. After years of often violent protest, the end of apartheid began in the early 1990s, culminating with the formation of a democratic South African government in 1994. The end of apartheid can be credited to the combined efforts of the South African people and governments of the world community, including the United States. Inside South Africa From the inception of the independent white rule in 1910, black South Africans protested against racial segregation with boycotts, riots, and other means of organized resistance. Black African opposition to apartheid intensified after the white minority-ruled Nationalist Party assumed power in 1948 and enacted the apartheid laws. The laws effectively banned all legal and non-violent forms of protest by non-white South Africans. In 1960, the Nationalist Party outlawed both the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), both of which advocated for a national government controlled by the black majority. Many leaders of the ANC and PAC were imprisoned, including ANC leader Nelson Mandela, who had become a symbol of the anti-apartheid movement. With Mandela in prison, other anti-apartheid leaders fled South Africa and mustered followers in neighboring Mozambique and other supportive African countries, including Guinea, Tanzania, and Zambia. Within South Africa, resistance to apartheid and apartheid laws continued. The Treason Trial, Sharpeville Massacre, and Soweto Student Uprising are just three of the best-known events in a worldwide fight against apartheid that grew increasingly fierce in the 1980s as more and more people around the world spoke out and took action against white minority rule and the racial restrictions that left many non-whites in dire poverty. The United States and the End of Apartheid U.S. foreign policy, which had a first helped apartheid flourish, underwent a total transformation and eventually played an important part in its downfall. With the Cold War just heating up and the American people in the mood for isolationism, President Harry Truman’s main foreign policy goal was to limit the expansion of Soviet Union’s influence. While Truman’s domestic policy supported the advancement of the civil rights of black people in the United States, his administration chose not to protest the anti-communist South African white-ruled government’s system of apartheid. Truman’s efforts to maintain an ally against the Soviet Union in southern Africa set the stage for future presidents to lend subtle support to the apartheid regime, rather than risk the spread of communism. Influenced to an extent by the growing U.S. civil rights movement and the social equality laws enacted as part of President Lyndon Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society† platform, U.S. government leaders began to warm up to and ultimately support the anti-apartheid cause. Finally, in 1986, the U.S. Congress, overriding President Ronald Reagan’s veto, enacted the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act imposing the first substantial economic sanctions to be levied against South Africa for its practice of racial apartheid. Among other provisions, the Anti-Apartheid Act: Outlawed the importation of many South African products such as steel, iron, uranium, coal, textiles, and agricultural commodities into the United States;prohibited the South African government from holding U.S. bank accounts;banned South African Airways from landing at U.S. airports;blocked any form of U.S. foreign aid or assistance to the then pro-apartheid South African government; andbanned all new U.S. investments and loans in South Africa. The act also established conditions of cooperation under which the sanctions would be lifted. President Reagan vetoed the bill, calling it â€Å"economic warfare† and arguing that the sanctions would only lead to more civil strife in South Africa and mainly hurt the already impoverished black majority. Reagan offered to impose similar sanctions through more flexible executive orders. Feeling Reagan’s proposed sanctions were too weak, the House of Representatives, including 81 Republicans, voted to override the veto. Several days later, on October 2, 1986, the Senate joined the House in overriding the veto and the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act was enacted into law. In 1988, the General Accounting Office – now the Government Accountability Office – reported that the Reagan administration had failed to fully enforce the sanctions against South Africa. In 1989, President George H.W. Bush declared his full commitment to full enforcement of the Anti-Apartheid Act. The International Community and the End of Apartheid The rest of the world began to object to the brutality of the South African apartheid regime in 1960 after white South African police opened fire on unarmed black protesters in the town of Sharpeville, killing 69 people and wounding 186 others. The United Nations proposed economic sanctions against the white-ruled South African government. Not wanting to lose allies in Africa, several powerful members of the U.N. Security Council, including Great Britain, France, and the United States, succeeded in watering down the sanctions. However, during the 1970s, anti-apartheid and civil rights movements in Europe and the United States several governments to impose their own sanctions on the de Klerk government. The sanctions imposed by the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1986, drove many large multinational companies – along with their money and jobs – out of South Africa. As a result, holding on to apartheid brought the white-controlled South African state significant losses in revenue, security, and international reputation. Supporters of apartheid, both inside South Africa and in many Western countries had touted it as a defense against communism. That defense lost steam when the Cold War ended in 1991. At the end of World War II, South Africa illegally occupied neighboring Namibia and continued to use the country as a base to fight communist party rule in nearby Angola. In 1974-1975, the United States supported South the African Defense Force’s efforts in Angola with aid and military training. President Gerald Ford asked Congress for funds to expand U.S. operations in Angola. But Congress, fearing another Vietnam-like situation, refused. As Cold War tensions eased in the late 1980s, and South Africa withdrew from Namibia, anti-communists in the United States lost their justification for continued support of the Apartheid regime. The Last Days of Apartheid Facing a rising tide of protest within his own country and international condemnation of apartheid, South African Prime Minister P.W. Botha lost the support of the ruling National Party and resigned in 1989. Botha’s successor F. W. de Klerk, amazed observers by lifting the ban on the African National Congress and other black liberation parties, restoring freedom of the press, and releasing political prisoners. On February 11, 1990, Nelson Mandela walked free after 27 years in prison. With growing worldwide support, Mandela continued the struggle to end apartheid but urged peaceful change. When popular activist Martin Thembisile (Chris) Hani was assassinated in 1993, anti-apartheid sentiment grew stronger than ever. On July 2, 1993, Prime Minister de Klerk agreed to hold South Africa’s first all-race, democratic election. After de Klerk’s announcement, the United States lifted all sanctions of the Anti-Apartheid Act and increased foreign aid to South Africa. On May 9, 1994, the newly elected, and now racially mixed, South African parliament elected Nelson Mandela as the first president of the nation’s post-apartheid era. A new South African Government of National Unity was formed, with Mandela as president and F. W. de Klerk and Thabo Mbeki as deputy presidents.